P-Glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) Restricts Brain Accumulation of the Novel EGFR Inhibitor EAI045 and Oral Elacridar Coadministration Enhances Its Brain Accumulation and Oral Exposure

Abstract

EAI045 is a fourth-generation allosteric tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It targets T790M and C797S EGFR mutants in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EAI045 and cetuximab combined induce tumor regression in mouse models of EGFR-mutant lung cancer. We investigated the pharmacokinetic roles of the multidrug efflux and uptake transporters ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCG2 (BCRP), and OATP1A/1B, and of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A in plasma and tissue distribution of EAI045 and its metabolites, using genetically modified mouse models. In vitro, EAI045 was a good transport substrate of human ABCB1. In vivo, oral EAI045 (20 mg/kg) was rapidly absorbed. Relative to wild-type mice, EAI045 brain-to-plasma ratios were increased 3.9-fold in Abcb1a/1b -/- and 4.8-fold in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2 -/- mice. However, in single Abcg2 -/- mice they were unchanged. EAI045 oral availability was not markedly altered. Oral coadministration of elacridar, an ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor, increased the plasma AUC 0-30min and brain-to-plasma ratios of EAI045 by 4.0-fold and 5.4-fold, respectively, in wild-type mice. EAI045 glucuronide showed an increased plasma AUC 0-30min and a markedly decreased accumulation and tissue-to-plasma ratio in the small intestinal content when Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2 were absent. A large fraction of oral EAI045 was converted to its hydrolyzed metabolite PIA, but Abcb1a/1b, Abcg2, and Oatp1a/1b had little impact on PIA pharmacokinetics. Mouse Cyp3a knockout or transgenic human CYP3A4 overexpression did not significantly affect oral EAI045 pharmacokinetics. Our results show that blood-brain barrier ABCB1 can markedly limit EAI045 brain accumulation. Moreover, elacridar coadministration can effectively reverse this process.