Complicated grief and post-traumatic stress symptom profiles in bereaved earthquake survivors: A latent class analysis

Abstract

Background: Studies on mental health following disasters have primarily focused on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet severe, enduring and disabling grief (i.e., complicated grief, CG) also appears relevant. Objective: The present study examines symptom profiles of PTSD and CG among bereaved Sichuan earthquake survivors one year after the disaster. Methods: Self-report measures of demographic, disaster, and loss-related characteristics and symptoms of PTSD and CG were administered among 803 survivors (63% women, mean age = 46.7 years). Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups of people with different PTSD and CG symptom profiles. Results: The LCA demonstrated that a five class solution yielded the best fit, consisting of a CG class with low PTSD and high CG (N = 208), a combined class with high PTSD and high CG (N = 205), a class with low PTSD and partial CG (N = 145), a class with partial PTSD and CG (N = 136), and a resilient class with low PTSD and CG (N = 108). Being a woman (vs. man), losing a child or spouse (vs. other), being injured (vs. non-injured), and/or having a missing family member (vs. non-missing) predicted membership of the CG class compared to other classes. Conclusions: CG appears a unique consequence of disasters involving many casualties. Disaster survivors should be screened for CG and provided with appropriate psychological treatment.