Intersubject specific absorption rate variability analysis through construction of 23 realistic body models for prostate imaging at 7T

Abstract

Purpose: For ultrahigh field (UHF) MRI, the expected local specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution is usually calculated by numerical simulations using a limited number of generic body models and adding a safety margin to take into account intersubject variability. Assessment of this variability with a large model database would be desirable. In this study, a procedure to create such a database with accurate subject-specific models is presented. Using 23 models, intersubject variability is investigated for prostate imaging at 7T with an 8-channel fractionated dipole antenna array with 16 receive loops. Method: From Dixon images of a volunteer acquired at 1.5T with a mockup array in place, an accurate dielectric model is built. Following this procedure, 23 subject-specific models for local SAR assessment at 7T were created enabling an extensive analysis of the intersubject B1 + and peak local SAR variability. Results: For the investigated setup, the maximum possible peak local SAR ranges from 2.6 to 4.6 W/kg for 8 × 1 W input power. The expected peak local SAR values represent a Gaussian distribution (µ∕σ =2.29∕0.29 W/kg) with realistic prostate-shimmed phase settings and a gamma distribution Γ(24,0.09) with multidimensional radiofrequency pulses. Prostate-shimmed phase settings are similar for all models. Using 1 generic phase setting, average B1 + reduction is 7%. Using only 1 model, the required safety margin for intersubject variability is 1.6 to 1.8. Conclusion: The presented procedure allows for the creation of a customized model database. The results provide valuable insights into B1 + and local SAR variability. Recommended power thresholds per channel are 3.1 W with phase shimming on prostate or 2.6 W for multidimensional pulses.