Extracellular Vesicles and B Cell Interactions: B-Side Track or Greatest Hit?

Abstract

Substantial efforts have been made in understanding interactions between extracellular vesicles and cells, particularly in small animal models, such as rats and mice. However, many questions remain unanswered about the fate of intravenously injected extracellular vesicles in large animals, especially in terms of interactions with immune cells. In this article, we summarize findings from two recent nonhuman primate studies involving extracellular vesicle interactions with circulating immune cells. We highlight the surprising finding that certain extracellular vesicles primarily associate with B cells and present key questions for future studies pertaining to this interaction.