4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update
Publication date
2023-12
Authors
Bissell, Malenka M.
Raimondi, Francesca
Ait Ali, Lamia
Allen, Bradley D.
Barker, Alex J.
Bolger, Ann
Burris, Nicholas
Carhäll, Carl Johan
Collins, Jeremy D.
Ebbers, Tino
Editors
Advisors
Supervisors
Document Type
Article
Metadata
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Abstract
Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging (4D Flow CMR) allows comprehensive and accurate assessment of flow in a single acquisition. This consensus paper is an update from the 2015 ‘4D Flow CMR Consensus Statement’. We elaborate on 4D Flow CMR sequence options and imaging considerations. The document aims to assist centers starting out with 4D Flow CMR of the heart and great vessels with advice on acquisition parameters, post-processing workflows and integration into clinical practice. Furthermore, we define minimum quality assurance and validation standards for clinical centers. We also address the challenges faced in quality assurance and validation in the research setting. We also include a checklist for recommended publication standards, specifically for 4D Flow CMR. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and the future of 4D Flow CMR. This updated consensus paper will further facilitate widespread adoption of 4D Flow CMR in the clinical workflow across the globe and aid consistently high-quality publication standards.
Keywords
4D Flow CMR, 4D Flow MRI, Cardiovascular, Clinical, Flow quantification, Flow visualization, Heart disease, Hemodynamics, MR flow imaging, Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, Recommendations, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Family Practice
Citation
Bissell, M M, Raimondi, F, Ait Ali, L, Allen, B D, Barker, A J, Bolger, A, Burris, N, Carhäll, C J, Collins, J D, Ebbers, T, Francois, C J, Frydrychowicz, A, Garg, P, Geiger, J, Ha, H, Hennemuth, A, Hope, M D, Hsiao, A, Johnson, K, Kozerke, S, Ma, L E, Markl, M, Martins, D, Messina, M, Oechtering, T H, van Ooij, P, Rigsby, C, Rodriguez-Palomares, J, Roest, A A W, Roldán-Alzate, A, Schnell, S, Sotelo, J, Stuber, M, Syed, A B, Töger, J, van der Geest, R, Westenberg, J, Zhong, L, Zhong, Y, Wieben, O & Dyverfeldt, P 2023, '4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement : 2023 update', Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, vol. 25, no. 1, 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-023-00942-z