Carbonation and deformation of oceanic serpentinites in the Elba subduction channel: Evidence for fluid–rock interaction at seismogenic depth

Abstract

We present a multi-disciplinary investigation of the deformation and carbonation history of oceanic serpentinites involved in the plate interface of the Cretaceous-Eocene subduction complex exposed in the Elba Island —an exceptionally well-preserved example of oceanic subduction system. Using an integrated set of structural, petrographic, and geochemical analyses, we document antigorite growth and carbonation of oceanic serpentinites in the Elba subduction channel at shallow-intermediate depths (<22-26 km; P <0.6-0.7 GPa). Carbonation was associated with brecciation and shearing that produced a complex of tectonic slices (Norsi area) and a tectonic mélange (Cavo area). The carbonation process was likely triggered by the release of CO2-rich fluids from subducting oceanic serpentinites and ophicarbonate rocks, as indicated by C and O isotopes. The ingress of external CO2 in shear zones likely ignited a positive feedback between deformation, carbonation, and fluid flow, promoting talc formation and leading to strain localization at the plate interface. The Elba subduction channel offers a unique window on the evolution of subduction systems at low pressure, highlighting the importance of fluid-induced reactions in controlling deformation style.