Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora
Publication date
2023-11-08
Authors
ter Steege, Hans
Pitman, Nigel C.A.
do Amaral, Iêda Leão
de Souza Coelho, Luiz
de Almeida Matos, Francisca Dionízia
de Andrade Lima Filho, Diógenes
Salomão, Rafael P.
Wittmann, Florian
Castilho, Carolina V.
Guevara, Juan Ernesto
Editors
Advisors
Supervisors
Document Type
Article
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cc_by
Abstract
Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution.
Keywords
Medicine (miscellaneous), General Biochemistry,Genetics and Molecular Biology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Citation
ter Steege, H, Pitman, N C A, do Amaral, I L, de Souza Coelho, L, de Almeida Matos, F D, de Andrade Lima Filho, D, Salomão, R P, Wittmann, F, Castilho, C V, Guevara, J E, Veiga Carim, M D J, Phillips, O L, Magnusson, W E, Sabatier, D, Revilla, J D C, Molino, J F, Irume, M V, Martins, M P, da Silva Guimarães, J R, Ramos, J F, Bánki, O S, Piedade, M T F, Cárdenas López, D, Rodrigues, D D J, Demarchi, L O, Schöngart, J, Almeida, E J, Barbosa, L F, Cavalheiro, L, dos Santos, M C V, Luize, B G, de Leão Novo, E M M, Vargas, P N, Silva, T S F, Venticinque, E M, Manzatto, A G, Reis, N F C, Terborgh, J, Casula, K R, Honorio Coronado, E N, Monteagudo Mendoza, A, Montero, J C, Costa, F R C, Feldpausch, T R, Quaresma, A C, Castaño Arboleda, N, Zartman, C E, Killeen, T J, Marimon, B S, Marimon-Junior, B H, Vasquez, R, Mostacedo, B, Assis, R L, Baraloto, C, do Amaral, D D, Engel, J, Petronelli, P, Castellanos, H, de Medeiros, M B, Simon, M F, Andrade, A, Camargo, J L, Laurance, W F, Laurance, S G W, Maniguaje Rincón, L, Schietti, J, Sousa, T R, de Sousa Farias, E, Lopes, M A, Magalhães, J L L, Nascimento, H E M, de Queiroz, H L, Aymard C, G A, Brienen, R, Stevenson, P R, Araujo-Murakami, A, Baker, T R, Cintra, B B L, Feitosa, Y O, Mogollón, H F, Duivenvoorden, J F, Peres, C A, Silman, M R, Ferreira, L V, Lozada, J R, Comiskey, J A, Draper, F C, de Toledo, J J, Damasco, G, García-Villacorta, R, Lopes, A, Vicentini, A, Cornejo Valverde, F, Alonso, A, Arroyo, L, Dallmeier, F, Gomes, V H F, Jimenez, E M, Neill, D, Peñuela Mora, M C, Noronha, J C, de Aguiar, D P P, Barbosa, F R, Bredin, Y K, de Sá Carpanedo, R, Carvalho, F A, de Souza, F C, Feeley, K J, Gribel, R, Haugaasen, T, Hawes, J E, Pansonato, M P, Ríos Paredes, M, Barlow, J, Berenguer, E, da Silva, I B, Ferreira, M J, Ferreira, J, Fine, P V A, Guedes, M C, Levis, C, Licona, J C, Villa Zegarra, B E, Vos, V A, Cerón, C, Durgante, F M, Fonty, É, Henkel, T W, Householder, J E, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Pos, E, Silveira, M, Stropp, J, Thomas, R, Daly, D, Dexter, K G, Milliken, W, Molina, G P, Pennington, T, Vieira, I C G, Weiss Albuquerque, B, Campelo, W, Fuentes, A, Klitgaard, B, Pena, J L M, Tello, J S, Vriesendorp, C, Chave, J, Di Fiore, A, Hilário, R R, de Oliveira Pereira, L, Phillips, J F, Rivas-Torres, G, van Andel, T R, von Hildebrand, P, Balee, W, Barbosa, E M, de Matos Bonates, L C, Dávila Doza, H P, Zárate Gómez, R, Gonzales, T, Gallardo Gonzales, G P, Hoffman, B, Junqueira, A B, Malhi, Y, de Andrade Miranda, I P, Pinto, L F M, Prieto, A, Rudas, A, Ruschel, A R, Silva, N, Vela, C I A, Zent, E L, Zent, S, Cano, A, Carrero Márquez, Y A, Correa, D F, Costa, J B P, Flores, B M, Galbraith, D, Holmgren, M, Kalamandeen, M, Lobo, G, Torres Montenegro, L, Nascimento, M T, Oliveira, A A, Pombo, M M, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Rocha, M, Scudeller, V V, Sierra, R, Tirado, M, Umaña, M N, van der Heijden, G, Vilanova Torre, E, Reategui, M A A, Baider, C, Balslev, H, Cárdenas, S, Casas, L F, Endara, M J, Farfan-Rios, W, Ferreira, C, Linares-Palomino, R, Mendoza, C, Mesones, I, Parada, G A, Torres-Lezama, A, Urrego Giraldo, L E, Villarroel, D, Zagt, R, Alexiades, M N, de Oliveira, E A, Garcia-Cabrera, K, Hernandez, L, Cuenca, W P, Pansini, S, Pauletto, D, Ramirez Arevalo, F, Sampaio, A F, Valderrama Sandoval, E H, Gamarra, L V, Levesley, A, Pickavance, G & Melgaço, K 2023, 'Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora', Communications Biology, vol. 6, no. 1, 1130, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05514-6