Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis
Publication date
2022-12-27
Authors
Kanoni, Stavroula
Graham, Sarah E
Wang, Yuxuan
Surakka, Ida
Ramdas, Shweta
Zhu, Xiang
Clarke, Shoa L
Bhatti, Konain Fatima
Vedantam, Sailaja
Winkler, Thomas W
Editors
Advisors
Supervisors
Document Type
Article
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. RESULTS: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
Keywords
Cholesterol, GWAS, Genetic Pleiotropy, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genome-wide association study, Humans, Lipids, Lipids/genetics, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sex Characteristics, Meta-Analysis, Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Citation
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