Non-Migrant Women and Their Livelihoods in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh

Abstract

Sundarbans support coastal livelihoods, yet ecological decline and socioeconomic pressures heighten women's vulnerability. Although men commonly migrate, many women remain despite rising risks. This study examines women's non-migration decisions and their ties to the Sundarbans’ social–ecological system. Mixed-method findings show women diversify livelihoods and challenge traditional roles, with 80% not considering migration. Resource management policies shape their agency and aspirations. An intersectional lens highlights how access to resources, adaptation capacity and gender dynamics influence the livelihood pathways of non-migrant women.