An update on the incidence of perioperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy, stratified by type of preprocedural neurologic symptom

Abstract

Objective: Perioperative complications after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have decreased over time. Therefore, we aimed to provide an update on 30-day outcomes after CEA, stratified by type of preprocedural neurologic symptom. Methods: We included all CEAs from the Targeted Vascular module of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP, 2011-2015) and stratified patients based on type of preprocedural neurologic symptom, that is, asymptomatic, ocular transient ischemic attack (TIA), hemispheric TIA, and stroke. We compared 30-day outcomes across the groups, with 30-day stroke/death as our primary endpoint. Results: Of 16,739 CEA patients, 9784 were asymptomatic (58%). Among the 6955 symptomatic patients, 1216 (17%) had a preprocedural ocular TIA, 2635 (38%) a preprocedural hemispheric TIA, and 3104 (45%) a preprocedural stroke. Preprocedural stroke patients had higher 30-day stroke/death rates compared with those with a preprocedural hemispheric TIA, or ocular TIA, or asymptomatic patients (5.0% vs 3.3%, 1.9%, and 1.8%, respectively; all P <.001), primarily owing to differences in perioperative 30-day stroke rates, with 4.1% vs 2.5%, 1.4%, and 1.3%, respectively (all P <.001). Conclusions: Among symptomatic CEA patients, those with a preprocedural stroke had a high perioperative 30-day stroke/death rate, compared with those patients with either a preprocedural hemispheric or ocular TIA. Therefore, the common stratification applied to CEA patients, which groups all symptomatic patients, should be avoided, especially as the relative proportion of symptomatic patients with a preprocedural stroke vs those with a hemispheric or ocular TIA will affect the overall outcome for all symptomatic patients after CEA.