Alcohol Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Review

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on individuals' alcohol consumption. Methods: PubMed was searched to identify relevant studies. Articles were included if they provided information on overall (changes in) alcohol consumption, and factors that may influence alcohol consumption including demographics, socioeconomic status, educational background, living situation, and health status. Following screening, 100 articles were identified and included in this review. Results: Overall findings show no change (51%) or a reduction (23%) in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, across countries, on average 1 in 4 individuals reported an increase in alcohol consumption (26%), in particular during the COVID-19 lockdown periods. Most common correlates of increased alcohol consumption were being female, having a child at home, higher educational level, and poorer mental health (including higher scores for stress, anxiety and depression). Conclusion: Although overall alcohol consumption was reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, a considerable subpopulation of drinkers increased their alcohol consumption.