Photonics in Flatland: challenges and opportunities for nanophotonics with 2D semiconductors

Publication date

2025-12-03

Authors

Azimi, Ali
Barrier, Julien
Barreda, Angela
Bauer, Thomas
Bouzari, Farzaneh
Brokkelkamp, Abel
Buatier de Mongeot, Francesco
Parsons, Timothy
Christianen, Peter
Conesa-Boj, Sonia

Editors

Advisors

Supervisors

Document Type

Article
Open Access logo

License

cc_by

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are emerging as a versatile platform for nanophotonics, offering unprecedented tunability in optical properties through exciton resonance engineering, van der Waals heterostructuring, and external field control. These materials enable active optical modulation, single-photon emission, quantum photonics, and valleytronic functionalities, paving the way for next-generation optoelectronic and quantum photonic devices. However, key challenges remain in achieving large-area integration, maintaining excitonic coherence, and optimizing amplitude-phase modulation for efficient light manipulation. Advances in fabrication, strain engineering, and computational modeling will be crucial to overcoming these limitations. This Perspective highlights recent progress in 2D semiconductor-based nanophotonics, emphasizing opportunities for scalable integration into photonics.

Keywords

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)

Citation

Azimi, A, Barrier, J, Barreda, A, Bauer, T, Bouzari, F, Brokkelkamp, A, Buatier de Mongeot, F, Parsons, T, Christianen, P, Conesa-Boj, S, Curto, A G, Das, S, Dias, B, Epstein, I, Fedorova, Z, García de Abajo, F J, Goykhman, I, Greten, L, Grönqvist, J, Guarneri, L, Guo, Y, Hoekstra, T, Hu, X, Laudert, B, Lynch, J, Meyer, S, Munkhbat, B, Neshev, D, Ogienko, M, Papadopoulos, S, Parappurath, A, Sangers, J, Soubelet, P, Soukaras, C, Soavi, G, Staude, I, Sun, Z, Tielrooij, K J, Uddin, MD G, Ustinov, A, van de Groep, J, van Wezel, J, Vermeulen, N, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Xiao, S, You, B & Zambrana-Puyalto, X 2025, 'Photonics in Flatland : challenges and opportunities for nanophotonics with 2D semiconductors', NPJ Nanophotonics, vol. 2, no. 1, 44. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44310-025-00092-3