Allopurinol attenuated the chemically-induced hypoxia (hypoxia-reoxygenation) injuries via down-regulation of the transcription factor HIF-1α in neuroblastoma cells

Abstract

Hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) conditions cause molecular injuries in neuronal tissues. This study was designed to validate an in vitro model of H/R conditions in Neuro-2A cells and the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of allopurinol on H/R-induced injuries. Hypoxia was induced by using 2-deoxy glucose and Antimycin A and cell viability, intracellular ATP content, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide concentrations were determined. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) was evaluated by quantitative PCR. Hypoxia resulted in 80% ATP depletion, while more than 80% of the cells remained viable. Co-exposure to H/R and allopurinol protected cells from ATP depletion. Allopurinol treatment significantly (p