The skeletal system
Publication date
2015
Authors
Nikkels, Peter G J
Editors
Kong, T. Yee
Malcomson, Roger D.G.
Advisors
Supervisors
Document Type
Part of book
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taverne
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are a group of disorders with a disturbance in development and/or growth of cartilage and/or bone. Epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis of long bones are affected in a generalized manner with or without involvement of membranous bone of the skull. A dysostosis affects one or some skeletal elements, while the other bones remain normal. There are approximately 450 different disorders known with involvement of the skeleton. Some 50 dysplasias are lethal. Lethality is usually based on thoracic underdevelopment and lung hypoplasia. The overall frequency among stillbirths and liveborns has been estimated to be 1 per 4000 to 1 per 6000 births and the frequency among perinatal deaths to be 1 per 110 deaths.
Keywords
Skeletal dysplasias, Osteochondrodysplasias, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), FGFR3 chondrodysplasia group, Thanatophoric dysplasia, Cloverleaf skull, Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), Brittle bone disease, Type 2 collagen group, Sulfation disorders group, Sulfate transporter, Achondrogenesis, Short-rib dysplasias, Fractures, Osteomyelitis, Taverne
Citation
Nikkels, PGJ 2015, The skeletal system. in T Y Kong & R D G Malcomson (eds), Keeling's Fetal and Neonatal Pathology. 5th edn, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 789-811. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19207-9_31