Alcohol ethoxylate mixtures in marine sediment: competition for adsorption sites affects the sorption behaviour of individual homologues.

Abstract

Mineral surfaces form the main sorption phase for alcohol ethoxylates (AEs) in marine sediment. Competition for adsorption sites is investigated for marine sediment and kaolinite clay using simple mixtures of AE homologues. For both sorbents, adsorption sites on mineral surfaces can be effectively blocked by an AE homologue with the strongest adsorption affinity. The strongly adsorbed AE, however, forms a second sorption phase to which weakly adsorbing AE will sorb, forming bilayers. An extended dual-mode model accounts for competition effects, while still based on sorption properties of individual compounds. Competition effects become apparent when total adsorbed concentrations reach approximately 10% of the adsorption capacity. Deviations from individual sorption isotherms depend on affinity constants and dissolved homologue composition. Competition will not often occur in contaminated field sediments, with AEs concentrations usually far below the adsorption capacity, but will affect sorption studies, sediment toxicity tests or applications with nonionic surfactant mixtures.