Virological responses to lamivudine or emtricitabine when combined with tenofovir and a protease inhibitor in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients in the Dutch AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) cohort
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Publication date
2016-09-01
Authors
Rokx, C.
Gras, L.
van de Vijver, D. A M C
Verbon, A
Rijnders, B. J A
Prins, J. M.
Kuijpers, T. W.
Scherpbier, H. J.
van der Meer, J. T M
Wit, F. W M N
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Article
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taverne
Abstract
Objectives: Lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) are considered interchangeable in recommended tenofovir disoproxil-fumarate (TDF)-containing combination antiretroviral therapies (cARTs). This statement of equivalence has not been systematically studied. We compared the treatment responses to 3TC and FTC combined with TDF in boosted protease inhibitor (PI)-based cART for HIV-1-infected patients. Methods: An observational study in the AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) cohort was carried out between 2002 and 2013. Virological failure rates, time to HIV RNA suppression <400 copies/mL, and time to treatment failure were analysed using multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models. Sensitivity analyses included propensity score-adjusted models. Results: A total of 1582 ART-naïve HIV-1-infected patients initiated 3TC or FTC with TDF and ritonavir-boosted darunavir (29.6%), atazanavir (41.5%), lopinavir (27.1%) or another PI (1.8%). Week 48 virological failure rates on 3TC and FTC were comparable (8.9% and 5.6%, respectively; P = 0.208). The multivariable adjusted odds ratio of virological failure when using 3TC instead of FTC with TDF in PI-based cART was 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–1.79; P = 0.51]. Propensity score-adjusted models showed comparable results. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for treatment failure of 3TC compared with FTC was 1.15 (95% CI 0.58–2.27) within 240 weeks after cART initiation. The time to two consecutive HIV RNA measurements <400 copies/mL within 48 weeks (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.78–1.16) and the time to treatment failure after suppression <400 copies/mL (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.36–2.50) were not significantly influenced by the use of 3TC in TDF/PI-containing cART. Conclusions: The virological responses were not significantly different in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients starting either 3TC/TDF or FTC/TDF and a ritonavir-boosted PI.
Keywords
antiretroviral therapy, boosted protease inhibitors, emtricitabine, HIV-1, lamivudine, Taverne, Health Policy, Infectious Diseases, Pharmacology (medical), Journal Article, Comparative Study, Observational Study
Citation
Rokx, C, Gras, L, van de Vijver, D A M C, Verbon, A, Rijnders, B J A, Prins, J M, Kuijpers, T W, Scherpbier, H J, van der Meer, J T M, Wit, F W M N, Godfried, M H, Reiss, P, van der Poll, T, Nellen, F J B, Lange, J M A, Geerlings, S E, van Vugt, M, Pajkrt, D, Bos, J C, van der Valk, M, Wiersinga, W J, Goorhuis, A, Hovius, J W R, Lowe, S, Oude Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Pronk, M J H, Ammerlaan, H S M, van der Ende, M E, de Vries-Sluijs, T E M S, Schurink, C A M, Nouwen, J L, Rijnders, B J A, van Gorp, E C M, van der Feltz, M, Driessen, G J A, van Rossum, A M C, Branger, J, Schippers, E F, van Nieuwkoop, C, van Elzakker, E P, Groeneveld, P H P, Bouwhuis, J W, Soetekouw, R, ten Kate, R W, Kroon, F P, van Dissel, J T, Arend, S M, de Boer, M G J, Jolink, H, Vollaard, A M, Bauer, M P, den Hollander, J G, Pogany, K, van Twillert, G, Kortmann, W, Cohen Stuart, J W T, Diederen, B M W, Leyten, E M S, Gelinck, L B S, Kootstra, G J, Delsing, C E, Brinkman, K, Blok, W L, Frissen, P H J, Schouten, W E M, van den Berk, G E L, van Kasteren, M E E, Brouwer, A E, Veenstra, J, Lettinga, K D, Mulder, J W, Vrouenraets, S M E, Lauw, F N, van Eeden, A, Verhagen, D W M, Sprenger, H G, Scholvinck, E H, van Assen, S, Bierman, W F W, Wilting, K R, Stienstra, Y, Koopmans, P P, Keuter, M, van der Ven, A J A M, ter Hofstede, H J M, Dofferhoff, A S M, Warris, A, van Crevel, R, Hoepelman, A I M, Mudrikova, T, Schneider, M M E, Ellerbroek, P M, Oosterheert, J J, Arends, J E, Wassenberg, M W M, Barth, R E, van Agtmael, M A, Perenboom, R M, Claessen, F A P, Bomers, M, Peters, E J G, Geelen, S P M, Wolfs, T F W, Bont, L J, Richter, C, van der Berg, J P, Gisolf, E H, van den Berge, M, Stegeman, A, van Vonderen, M G A, van Houte, D P F, Weijer, S, el Moussaoui, R, Winkel, C, Muskiet, F, Durand, A & Voigt, R 2016, 'Virological responses to lamivudine or emtricitabine when combined with tenofovir and a protease inhibitor in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients in the Dutch AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) cohort', HIV Medicine, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 571-580. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12355