Moving home: Bolivian return migration from Spain in times of crisis

Abstract

During the period 2001-8, a considerable number of Bolivians migrated to Spain, mainly as labour migrants. Following the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, a substantial number returned to Bolivia. This chapter explores the drivers of return migration among Bolivian migrants in Spain, taking into account the impact of economic crisis, but exploring other reasons - which often remain obscured - as well. In addition, this chapter will show how transnationalism not only plays a role in the early phases of migration, namely prior to and during migration, but also shapes the trajectories of migrants before and upon their return to their home countries. Empirically, the contribution is based on qualitative research in both Spain and Bolivia. The chapter concludes that, apart from the impact of the economic crisis, concerns about childcare and care for elderly parents appear to be important reasons for returning, in particular for women. Second, transnational ties paved the route for return - through both financial and social remittances, which facilitate returnees’ integration back into their home communities.