Functional duplication of ligand-binding domains within low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein for interaction with receptor associated protein, α2-macroglobulin, factor IXa and factor VIII

Abstract

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) binds a range of proteins including receptor associated protein (RAP), activated α2-macroglobulin (α2M*), factor IXa (FIXa), and factor VIII (FVIII) light chain. The binding is mediated by the complement-type repeats, which are clustered in four distinct regions within LRP. Cluster II of 8 repeats (CR3-10) and cluster IV of 11 repeats (CR21-31) have been implicated in ligand-binding. Previous studies have aimed to identify the cluster II repeats involved in binding α2M* and RAP. We now evaluated the binding to RAP, α2M*, FIXa and FVIII light chain of triplicate repeat-fragments of not only clusters II but also of cluster IV. Employing surface plasmon resonance analysis, we found that most efficient ligand-binding was displayed by the repeats within region CR4-8 of cluster II and within region CR24-28 of cluster IV. Whereas the binding to RAP could be attributed to two consecutive repeats (CR5-6, CR26-27), combinations of three repeats showed most efficient binding to FIXa (CR6-8, CR26-28), FVIII light chain (CR5-7, CR6-8, CR24-26), and α2M* (CR4-6, CR24-26). The results imply that there is an internal functional duplication of complement-type repeats within LRP resulting in two clusters that bind the same ligands.