Are We Missing the Bus? A Case Study on Flexibility Options for Charging Infrastructure at the Amsterdam Central Station

Abstract

Is it possible for flexible applications of infrastructure to help cope with the demand for space? In this paper we tried to answer how different forms of flexibility can impact the societal costs of infrastructure development on passenger transport hubs. For this explorative research option, the value is used to determine these impacts. It is applied to charging infrastructure for electric buses at the Amsterdam Central Station. It shows the challenge in setting up a collective approach towards attaining the optimal societal impact, due to limited knowledge on the potential of flexibility, the complexity in setting up a win-win for each stakeholder based on their different interests and the lacking ownership of the overall collective impact that can be made.