Legitimate adaptive flood risk governance beyond the dikes: The cases of Hamburg, Helsinki and Rotterdam

Abstract

This research entailed an international comparative case study on adaptive flood risk governance arrangements for urban waterfront regeneration projects. These projects apply flood risk strategies that aim to reduce the impacts of a flood in addition to preventing the occurrence of a flood so as to improve the resilience to climate change. Applying multiple flood risk strategies fits with the new strategy of “Multi-layered Safety” which was introduced in 2009 by the Dutch government.