Optimal Energy Management of All-electric Residential Energy Systems in the Netherlands

Abstract

All-electric energy systems are a promising alternative for natural gas based energy systems. Therefore, this paper aims to present a simple method to determine all-electric demand profiles. Next, these demand profiles are used in an optimization problem by including electricity storage in the form of lithium-ion batteries and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). Furthermore, different methodologies are compared to size the lithium-ion battery systems. The results demonstrate that optimal sizing could reduce the installed storage capacity per household hence could reduce investment costs, while the Photovoltaic Self-Consumption (PVSC) ratio remains high. Hence it is recommended to use optimally sized battery systems to improve the economic feasibility of all-electric system lay-outs. Furthermore, the shift to all-electric energy systems results in large grid absorption peaks when a high penetration of BEVs are included.