The role of residential dissonance in active travel: Gendered evidence from Japan

Abstract

This study examined the gender-stratified mediating role of residential dissonance (mismatches between perceived actual and ideals) in relationships between built environment and transport-related active travel in Nagoya, Japan, using structural equation modeling. For men, safety-related positive dissonance (where perceived safety met or exceeded ideals) was positively associated with cycling frequency. For women, car-alternatives-related positive dissonance (where offering better conditions for non-car modes) was directly associated with higher cycling frequency. The effects of built environment showed further gender differences. For men, shorter subway proximity increased cycling frequency, an effect reinforced by safety-related positive dissonance. Land use diversity increased walking frequency through aesthetics-related positive dissonance. For women, longer distances to stations were indirectly associated with more walking frequency by reduced accessibility-related positive dissonance. Overall, residential dissonance is a critical, gender-stratified mediator in the built environment-active travel relationships. The distinct pathways for men and women emphasize the necessity of gender-responsive urban planning.