Social norms in Korsakoff’s syndrome and alcohol-related dementia

Abstract

Objective: Social cognition is essential for individuals to perceive, process, and interpret social information that enables them to function effectively in society. Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) and alcohol-related dementia (ARD) are alcohol-related cognitive disorders that are likely to impair social cognition. This study aimed to investigate the ability to judge social norms in KS and ARD in comparison to healthy subjects. Method: The study included 30 patients with KS, 10 patients with ARD, and 74 age-, sex-, and education-matched control participants. The Social Norms Questionnaire–Dutch version (SNQ-NL) was used to measure social cognition, and standardized tests were used to examine the association between social cognition and executive functioning. Results: Both KS and ARD patients performed worse in judging social norms when compared to healthy controls, but there was no significant difference between KS and ARD. Both KS and ARD patients performed worse on the SNQ-NL, judging appropriate behavior as inappropriate (Overadhere errors), than controls. When compared to control participants, patients with KS demonstrated significantly more Break Errors, while the differences between the ARD group and the control group did not reach statistical significance. There were no significant correlations between the SNQ-NL variables and performances on standardized tests for executive functioning in both the KS and control group. Conclusions: This study aimed to investigate the ability to judge social norms in KS and ARD in comparison to healthy subjects. The results show that compared to a control group, both KS and ARD patients performed worse in judging social norms. KS and ARD patients scored equally low on social norms identification. Overall, these findings can further help us understand the difficulties in social behavior as experienced by patients and care staff, since problems in accurately judging social norms could possibly contribute to the severe behavioral issues as observed in alcohol-related disorders.