The Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Platform for Developing Vascularized Cell Macroencapsulation Devices

Abstract

Background: Cell macroencapsulation devices (CMD) offer a promising solution for organ function replacement by shielding implanted cells from the host immune system while allowing the exchange of nutrients and waste products. Developing efficient CMD necessitates optimizing vascular integration, membrane permeability, and cellular functionality using robust preclinical models. In this study, we adapted the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model to develop and evaluate CMD. Methods: Semipermeable membranes were integrated into the CAM, with vascularization modulated through growth factors and extracellular matrix manipulation. Human kidney tubular epithelial cells were cultured on these vascularized membranes to assess cell viability, polarization, and functionality, including selective transport and barrier integrity. Results: The membranes integrated successfully into the CAM and supported functional vascularization, demonstrating selective permeability by facilitating the exchange of low-molecular-weight compounds while preventing the infiltration of larger proteins and cells, thereby creating an immune-isolated environment. Kidney tubular epithelial cells remained viable, polarized, and functionally active, showcasing selective compound transport and robust barrier integrity. Conclusion: These findings underscore the CAM model’s utility in evaluating vascular integration, membrane permeability, and epithelial cell functionality, all critical parameters for CMD development. The CAM model provides a rapid, cost-effective platform for CMD assessment, significantly accelerating their development and potential clinical translation. This approach holds particular promise for applications targeting kidney diseases characterized by compromised transport functions, offering a pathway toward more effective therapeutic solutions.