Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive and Psychomotor Development: Six European Birth Cohorts
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Publication date
2014-09
Authors
Guxens, Monica
Garcia-Esteban, Raquel
Giorgis-Allemand, Lise
Forns, Joan
Badaloni, Chiara
Ballester, Ferran
Beelen, Rob
Cesaroni, Giulia
Chatzi, Leda
de Agostini, Maria
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Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence from laboratory animal and human studies suggests that air pollution exposure during pregnancy affects cognitive and psychomotor development in childhood. Methods: We analyzed data from 6 European population-based birth cohorts-GENERATI ON R (The Netherlands), DUISBURG (Germany), EDEN (France), GASPII (Italy), RHEA (Greece), and INMA (Spain)-that recruited mother-infant pairs from 1997 to 2008. Air pollution levels-nitrogen oxides (NO2, NOx) in all regions and particulate matter (PM) with diameters of Results: A total of 9482 children were included. Air pollution exposure during pregnancy, particularly NO2, was associated with reduced psychomotor development (global psychomotor development score decreased by 0.68 points [95% confidence interval = -1.25 to -0.11] per increase of 10 mu g/m(3) in NO2). Similar trends were observed in most regions. No associations were found between any air pollutant and cognitive development. Conclusions: Air pollution exposure during pregnancy, particularly NO2 (for which motorized traffic is a major source), was associated with delayed psychomotor development during childhood. Due to the widespread nature of air pollution exposure, the public health impact of the small changes observed at an individual level could be considerable.
Keywords
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, COAL-BURNING POLLUTANTS, PRENATAL EXPOSURE, DIESEL EXHAUST, BIRTH COHORT, INFANT NEURODEVELOPMENT, LOCOMOTOR-ACTIVITY, CHILDREN, AGE, PROJECT, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Citation
Guxens, M, Garcia-Esteban, R, Giorgis-Allemand, L, Forns, J, Badaloni, C, Ballester, F, Beelen, R, Cesaroni, G, Chatzi, L, de Agostini, M, de Nazelle, A, Eeftens, M, Fernandez, M F, Fernandez-Somoano, A, Forastiere, F, Gehring, U, Ghassabian, A, Heude, B, Jaddoe, V W V, Kluemper, C, Kogevinas, M, Kraemer, U, Larroque, B, Lertxundi, A, Lertxuni, N, Murcia, M, Navel, V, Nieuwenhuijsen, M, Porta, D, Ramos, R, Roumeliotaki, T, Slama, R, Sorensen, M, Stephanou, E G, Sugiri, D, Tardon, A, Tiemeier, H, Tiesler, C M T, Verhulst, F C, Vrijkotte, T, Wilhelm, M, Brunekreef, B, Pershagen, G & Sunyer, J 2014, 'Air Pollution During Pregnancy and Childhood Cognitive and Psychomotor Development : Six European Birth Cohorts', Epidemiology, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 636-647. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000133