GLP-1R drugs and alcohol use disorder: A definitive therapeutic solution or just another unfulfilled promise?

Abstract

Currently, the evidence does not support the use of GLP-1RA agonists for alcohol use disorder. Although they show promising potential—especially in resistant or complex cases—the available data are still preliminary, and their safety profile, while acceptable, is not without risks (such as gastrointestinal effects, pancreatitis, or depressive symptoms). With several clinical trials underway, this situation may change in the coming years. However, no drug alone will solve such a multifactorial disorder. The approach to AUD must remain comprehensive, combining pharmacological, psychological, and social interventions, and incorporating both biological dimensions and contextual factors, including public health policies. Without this broader perspective, GLP-1RAs risk becoming yet another unfulfilled promise.