Silica deposition as an approach for improving the hydrothermal stability of an alumina support during glycerol aqueous phase reforming

Abstract

Silica deposition on the benchmark aqueous phase reforming (APR) catalyst Pt/γ-Al2O3 is studied to prevent or limit hydrolytic attack of the support under hydrothermal APR conditions, for which boehmite formation by support hydration is a known cause for catalyst deactivation. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is employed as a silicon source in a straightforward liquid-phase, silylation process followed by catalyst calcination and reduction. Characterization by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, infrared, 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the fresh catalysts suggests that silica addition occurs preferentially on the support surface, resulting in weak Brønsted acid sites as well as in the formation of Si-O-Al linkages at the expense of specific surface Lewis acid sites. Silylation and calcination of Pt/γ-Al2O3 causes partial blockage of the metal surface area (12% loss), whereas γ-Al2O3 surface silica modification prior to Pt deposition makes controlled metal deposition difficult. Catalytic performance tests show the overcoated samples to be active in the APR of 5 wt% glycerol, albeit with lower H2 production rates compared to the benchmark catalyst. Characterization of spent APR catalysts clearly demonstrates that silylation/calcination treatments effectively slows down the transformation of the γ-Al2O3 support due to the formation of a Si-O-Al interface. Overall, the lifetime of the catalyst is increased three-fold as a result of the surface overcoating treatment, with repetitive recycling ultimately leading to loss of the protective silica layer.