Subtypes of firesetters

Abstract

Background: Prior research has classified firesetters by motive. The multi-trajectory theory of adult firesetting (M-TTAF) takes a more aetiological perspective, differentiating between five hypothesised trajectories towards firesetting: antisocial cognition, grievance, fire interest, emotionally expressive/need for recognition and multifaceted trajectories. Aim: The objective of this study was to validate the five routes to firesetting as proposed in the M-TTAF. Methods: All 389 adult firesetters referred for forensic mental health assessment to one central clinic in the Netherlands between 1950 and 2012 were rated on variables linked to the M-TTAF. Cluster analysis was then applied. Results: A reliable cluster solution emerged revealing five subtypes of firesetters - labelled instrumental, reward, multi-problem, disturbed relationship and disordered. Significant differences were observed regarding both offender and offence characteristics. Discussion: Our five-cluster solution with five subtypes of firesetters partially validates the proposed M-TTAF trajectories and suggests that for offenders with and without mental disorder, this classification may be useful. If further validated with larger and more diverse samples, the M-TTAF could provide guidance on staging evidence-based treatment.