The sdm R Package for Species Distribution Modeling

Abstract

Global biodiversity change is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time (Pecl et al., Science 355(6332):eaai9214, 2017; Dornelas et al., Philosoph Trans R Soc B Biol Sci) as the planet is facing the largest biodiversity loss, known as the sixth mass extinction (Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History. Henry Holt, New York, 2014), with the potential loss of half the species on the planet (Hughes, Integrat Conservat 2:1–9, 2023) and the third most important risk threatening humanity over the next 10 years (World Economic Forum, 2022). In response to such threats, global environmental authorities and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP15) launched a global commitment, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF), sets ambitious goals and targets to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 and 2050, aiming to restore ecosystems, conserve species, and ensure sustainable use of natural resources.