Kidney-on-a-Chip: Technologies for Studying Pharmacological and Therapeutic Approaches to Kidney Repair

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, the only two therapeutic options offered to patients are dialysis and renal transplantation, but each with significant limitations. There is a critical need for improved model systems to study renal tissue repair or predict drug efficacy and safety. Recent advances in tissue culture systems acknowledge the importance of the tissue microenvironment in optimal functioning and responsiveness. Communication between cells is essential as well as biomechanic and chemotactic processes, which influence cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation processes. These processes are advanced when tissues are cultured in 3D-platforms and under continuous flow conditions. This chapter gives an overview of innovative technologies related to 3D kidney cell cultures. Examples of three technologies (hollow fiber membranes, gel-based systems, and microfluidics) will be discussed with respect to their suitability in studying pharmacological and therapeutic approaches in regenerative nephrology.