Embodying wilfulness: Investigating the unequal power dynamics of informal organisational body work through the case of women in stand-up comedy

Publication date

2025-10

Authors

Jammaers, Eline
van Eck, DideISNI 0000000508242378
Cinque, Silvia

Editors

Advisors

Supervisors

Document Type

Article
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License

cc_by

Abstract

Women who step into the spotlight may be burdened with managing their sexualised bodies, unlike men. This is true also in stand-up comedy, where more women than ever are entering the field. Investigating this unequally distributed body work, we use Sara Ahmed’s idea of the wilful subject to spot naturalised beliefs of women as unfunny who ‘will too much’. We do so through a qualitative study carried out with 26 professionals. We contribute by showing how ‘informal’ organisational body work, which comprises the purposeful efforts workers undertake on their and others’ bodies as part of informal role demands, is underpinned by diversity-related power dynamics. Anticipating how the burden of such ‘work’ does not fall equally on the shoulders of everyone is key in imagining more egalitarian futures of work. We demonstrate the embodied and political merits of wilfulness as an analytical tool focusing on the historically persistent labelling of women as wilful, a difficult-to-spot inequality, while taking into account how such wilfulness charges are mobilised by the target. Inspired by queering and cripping, we introduce the term ‘hagging’ to indicate women reclaiming positions of power and reappropriating their sexual objectification in male-dominated sexist environments.

Keywords

cultural industry, hagging, humour, inequality, organisational body work, wilful subject, women in stand-up comedy, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), General Social Sciences, Strategy and Management, Management of Technology and Innovation

Citation

Jammaers, E, van Eck, D & Cinque, S 2025, 'Embodying wilfulness : Investigating the unequal power dynamics of informal organisational body work through the case of women in stand-up comedy', Human Relations, vol. 78, no. 10, pp. 1225-1251. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267241288685